Chapter 11 Terms

Chapter 11 – Limiting Factors; Energy Flow; & Nutrient Cycling

 

169

Forest

Open Field

Shade-tolerant ferns

Sun-tolerant Herb

Sun-tolerant Grass

Butterflies

Grasshopper

Photosynthesis

Field Studies

Community

Ecosystem

Niche

 

170

Ecosystem Concept

Biotic (Living) Community

Abiotic (Nonliving) Factors

Sunlight

Soil

Topography

Wind

Temperature

Moisture

Minerals

Pond

Open Field

Classroom aquarium

Ecosystem

Deer hunter

Grass shoot

Savanna ecosystem

Bittern

Lizard

Severe soil erosion

Sediment

 

171

Producer

Carbohydrate

Photosynthesis

Autotrophic

Heterotrophic

Consumer

Zoologist

Herbivore

Botanist

First-order consumer

Carnivore

First-order carnivore

Second-order consumer

Third-order consumer

Second-order carnivore

Collared Kingfisher

Top carnivore

Reed Warbler

 

172

Food chain

Food web

Polynesian rat

Omnivore

Decomposer

Fungi

Mushroom

Forest

Coral reef

Wetland marsh

Open field

Biodiversity

 

173

Energy flow

Nutrient cycling

Respiration

Chemo-autotrophic organism

Nutrient

Poisoned prey

Starvation

Beneficial predatory insect

Pesticide

Insectivorous bat

Insectivorous bird

 

174

Species composition

Species diversity

Species abundance

Population ecology

Dominant

Dominant plant

 

175

Gradation of diversity of species

Distribution of species

Vertical distribution

Ground layer

Herb layer

Shrub layer

Tree layer

Horizontal distribution

Regular distribution

Clumped distribution

Random

Sample

 

176

Discontinuous distribution

Continuous distribution

Tolerant

Ecotone

Ecotone edge

Edge

Range of tolerances

Optimum

Optimal conditions

Obligate

Facultative

Must have

Can have

 

177

Temperature

Nematode egg

Bacteria spore

Fungus spore

Orange

Citrus fruit

Phases of the moon

Coral spawning

Homoiotherm

Poikilotherm

 

178

Cytoplasm

Reactant

Hydrophytic plant

Mangrove plant

Bruguiera sp.

Excrete salt molecules

Precipitation

Rain

Fog drip

Morning dew

Snow

Sleet

Hail

 

179

Evergreen

Deciduous

Kapok

Red Plumeria

Flame tree

Relative humidity

Water vapor

Stomate

Transpiration

Perspiration

 

180

Monkeypod tree

Rain tree

Samanea saman

Sensitive plant

Sleeping plant

Mimosa pudica

Hydrophyte

Hydrophytic community

 

181

Xerophyte

Xerophytic community

Beach

Volcanic ash

Nigas

Pemphis sp.

Hunek

Tournefortia sp.

Cacti

Euphorb

Casuarina

Photosynthetic stem

Mesophyte

Bulrush

Swamp fern

sedge

 

182

Annual

Ghost crab

Ocypode sp.

Burrowing

Family Graminae

Grasses

 

183

Pemphis acidula

Nigas

Electromagnetic wave

Wavelength

Gamma ray

X-ray

Ultraviolet band of radiation

Visible band of radiation

Infrared band of radiation

Suntan

Sunburn

Skin cancer

 

184

Light intensity

Compensation intensity

Foot-candle

Primary production

Saturation intensity

 

185

Tropism

Geotropism

Phototropism

Sunflower

Taxis

Geotaxis

Phototaxis

Honey Bee

Nectar source

Angle of polarization

Light duration

Photoperiodism

Day-neutral plant

Long-day plant

Short-day plant

 

186

Flowering

Perennials

Migration of birds

Arctic tundra

Migration

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Light quality

Visible spectrum

 

187

Rhodophyta

Red algae

Pollinating insect

Landing runway

Soil ecology

Soil formation

Humus

Soil profile

 

188

Soil Horizon

Soil Profile

Leaches

Deposits

Soil Texture

Sand

Silt

Clay

Texture

How it feels

Loam

Field capacity

Gravitational water

soil pH

pH

Acidity

Acid soil

Alkaline

Neutral

Basic

 

189

Carbonic acid

Humic acid

Percolation rate

Capillarity

Pore space

Soil temperature

Soil moisture content

Soil organic matter content

Soil mineral content

Microenvironment

Cave

Fallen log

Microclimate

 

190

Heat energy

Incident radiation

Energy flow

 

191

Trophic level

Pyramid of numbers

Biomass

 

192

Pyramid of biomass

Pyramid of energy

Cell respiration

Net energy

Exoskeleton

Chitin

 

193

Biogeochemistry

Biogeochemical cycle

Water cycle

Evaporation

Transpiration

Evapo-transpiration

 

194

Condensation

Precipitation

Parent rock material

Carbon cycle

Respiration

Photosynthesis

Combustion of fossil fuel

Decay

Energy-rich deposit

Oil

Coal

Natural gas

Nitrogen cycle

Synthesize

Make

Nitrogen

N2

Nitrate

NO3-

Lightning flashing

Rhizobium sp.

Nodule

Legume

195

Ammonia

NH3

Ammonium

NH4+

Nitrite

NO2-

Molecular Nitrogen

N2

Last Updated 3/24/2013